绝命毒师第五季

UNSC Expansion Would 'Certify Transition From US Unipolarism to Multipolarity': Scholar_我的网站

一 |     7月的上海，2026世界人工智能大会（WAIC 2026）如期而至。    The UN General Assembly in New York is meeting Tuesday to discuss ways to make the Security Council more representative and equitable.,The meeting, convened by General Assembly President Abdulla Shahid in a letter dated July 7, is tasked with deliberating the “question of equitable representation and an increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Security Council.” Sahid is expected to present a draft oral decision “following consultations” with General Assembly members.,A draft presented on the UN’s website reaffirms “the central role of the General Assembly concerning the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council,” and expresses “the commitment of heads of state and government representing the peoples of the world to instill new life in the discussions on the reform of the Security Council.”,The draft proposes the continuation of “intergovernmental negotiations on Security Council reform” at the upcoming 77th General Assembly in September, including the creation of an “open-ended working group” to discuss the matter.,Background,Created as part of the United Nations after the end of the Second World War, the Security Council consists of the world’s five major nuclear powers (Russia, China, the United States, France, and Britain) and 10 rotating non-permanent members. Collectively, their main goal is the maintenance of international peace and security.,A key difference between the UN and its Security Council and the League of Nations – the defunct intergovernmental organization formed in the aftermath of the First World War, is the inclusion in the former of the right for each permanent member to veto substantive resolutions made by other members, such as accepting new members into the UN, or authorizing the use of force against another country.,The veto concept was a hard-fought victory of the Soviet delegation at the San Francisco conference on the UN’s formation. Moscow argued for the right of veto to prevent one or more major powers from ganging up on others to pursue national geopolitical, economic, or military interests at the expense of others using the UN platform to provide such actions with legitimacy.,The veto principle enabled the Security Council and the UN generally to the survive multiple international crises, both during the Cold War and in the three decades after 1991, and ensured that the UN did not collapse, as its League of Nations predecessor did, in times of crisis.,Putin on 75th Anniversary of WWII: Shared Responsibility to History and Future18 June 2020, 19:47 GMT,Why Reform Now?,The Security Council underwent two major reforms: in 1965, when the original non-permanent membership was increased from six to ten to account for the emergence of new countries in the Global South after the collapse of European colonial empires, and in 1971, when the US dropped its veto to allow the People’s Republic of China to take up its rightful seat at the Security Council, replacing Taiwan.,Discussions on reforming the Security Council began anew in the early 1990s, as the United States and its allies, convinced of their triumph and status as leaders of a new global order following the collapse of the USSR, began discussing the "end of history" and conceptualizing ways to make the 21st century an “American century.” On the other side of the debate, rising powers from the Third World began pushing to reform the UN to make it more representative of their interests.,In 2005, rising economic giants India and Brazil, as well as Germany and Japan, the defeated Axis powers, formed the so-called G4 group of nations to support one another’s push for permanent Security Council membership. In 2005, then-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan put forward a proposal to expand the council to 24 members, either by creating six new permanent members and three new non-permanent ones, or eight new non-permanent members of a new class of rotating members and one additional non-permanent seat. In 2017, the G4 announced their readiness to temporarily accept non-veto wielding status to become permanent Security Council members.,Opponents of reforming the Security Council have made arguments on the basis of perceived balance of power-related concerns, such as Pakistan opposing India’s permanent membership, or Spain and Italy opposing German membership, South Korea opposing Japanese membership, and major Latin American powers like Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia opposing Brazil’s membership. Other rising powers, such as Turkey, have argued in favor of the Security Council’s expansion to better represent Asian, Latin American, and African countries.,Moscow has paid a heavy price for its permanent membership in the Security Council, first through its central role in defeating Nazi Germany and Japan during the Second World War, and then in 1991, by taking upon itself the entirety of the USSR’s $66 billion perestroika-era debt after the country’s collapse. But Russia has also expressed support for reforming the body to better represent developing nations, particularly India and Brazil, as well as a candidate from Africa. At BRICS summits in 2021 and 2022, Russia and China reiterated their continued support for improving the BRICS’ status at the UN, including via a comprehensive reform of the Security Council.,Iran Asks to Join BRICS27 June, 17:19 GMT,In recent months, these calls have grown louder, with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov indicating in April that countries from the Global South would be an excellent way to curb the “unilateralism” of the West at the UN.,Last week, Russian Ambassador to China Andrei Denisov reaffirmed Russia’s readiness to discuss the expansion of the Security Council to provide membership to India and Brazil, but not US allies Germany and Japan.,“Russia is calling for the expansion of the UN Security Council based on a broad consensus. It requires increasing the proportionate share of African, Asian and Latin American countries for the UN Security Council to be able to reflect the aspirations of people around the world and be a more democratic body,” Denisov said, speaking at the World Peace Forum in Beijing on July 4.,“At the same time, I would like to be frank – we aren’t ready to support the accession of actors such as Germany and Japan. We don’t see any added value from their potential accession. Given the current balance on the Council – or imbalance, I should say, the membership of the two aforementioned candidates is unlikely to strengthen it, rather it will make the imbalance even more striking,” the diplomat stressed.,An Idea Whose Time Has Come?,“It appears that all nations are aware that the UNSC must become more inclusive and representative of the reality of today’s world,” says Paolo Raffone, director of the CIPI Foundation, a Brussels-based think tank.,According to the observer, apart from the 1971 modification of the Council to reflect China taking over Taiwan’s seat, the UNSC of today still largely “reflects the world of 1945.”,“For many years the UNSC has been blocked by cross-veto proceedings, affecting stability and peace in the world. Unblocking the UNSC is the most urgent need for all nations wishing for the effectiveness of a rule-based international systems,” Raffone argues.,Raffone favors adding BRICS countries into the mix, pointing to their collective status representing “the largest share of world population, land and [purchasing power parity],” as well as “spectacular” economic growth over the past two decades. “Their inclusion in the UNSC would certainly strive to keep globalization alive under new rules and governance,” and reduce problems such as lack of democracy, poor geographical representation, and “lack of legitimacy for ensuring global governance” of the current body, he believes.,The observer emphasizes, however, that for any reform initiative to succeed, two-thirds of the UN’s member states would have vote for and ratify it, with every permanent member of the Security Council also needing to agree – no easy task to pull off.,EXCLUSIVE: New Delhi Does Not Support Attempts to Isolate Russia, Says Russian Ambassador to India5 July, 10:29 GMT,New Multipolar World Order,“The enlargement of the UN Security Council would formally certify, on the international level, the transition from US unipolarism to the new multipolar architecture. It would be an epochal event!” says Tiberio Graziani, chairman of Vision & Global Trends: International Institute for Global Analyses, an Italy-based international affairs think tank.,Graziani is convinced that the benefits from the body’s expansion would be multifold, including rebalancing power in international organizations “hitherto essentially ‘Westernist’” and “hegemonized” by the West. “Above all,” he says, “enlargement would be essential to ensure greater stability” in the “turbulent geopolitical and geo-economic transition” that the present moment represents.,The observer stresses that any reforms would need to be gradual to prevent an institutional crisis, but admits that “some reforms must be radical,” given the organization’s dominance by Western powers.,Like Raffone, Graziani supports the increased visibility of BRICS nations in the body, citing their outsized significance to global security and the economy and underrepresentation in this sense.,“At the moment we are in a particular situation: on the one hand there is the West led by the United States and the British which constitutes a conservative pole that aims to maintain a hegemonic role on a planetary level, on the other hand there is a set of nations (basically the BRICS countries) which demand a greater presence in global decisions. Within the framework of the UN, the contribution of the BRICS countries would be fundamental since it would guarantee a balance that has not been there so far,” Graziani believes.,The observer stresses that there simply is no alternative to the UN’s authority in international affairs, and that subsequently, “a new, more balanced (multipolar) international forum needs to be set up” in the present situation.。在国产高性能通用GPU企业沐曦股份的展台，八组闪烁着蓝色灯带的黑色机柜组成的“算力墙”成为现场被围观最久的展品。                   这是沐曦本届大会正式发布的新一代AI超节点产品曦景S600——面向大模型训练、推理及智算中心建设打造的系统级算力产品。

二 |          而沐曦在WAIC 2026上讲述的故事不止于此。在展台的另一侧，沐曦集结了十大顶流开源社区，专门设置了“开源工坊”展示全栈适配成果；而在“万象应用”展示区陈列着机器人、智能座舱、卫星实物，布局跨度从地面延伸向太空。

三 |          一家GPU公司为何要“四面出击”，答案或许指向同一个底层逻辑：通用性。         软硬件迭代周期的显著差异，决定了算力基础设施的核心竞争力，并不局限于某一场景下的峰值性能，而在于对快速演进的模型架构的持续适配能力。         “今天沐曦所具备的技术能力、技术积累完全可以覆盖云端所有的产品线。”沐曦股份研发副总裁黄向军在WAIC期间接受《国际金融报》记者等媒体采访时作了一个通俗比喻，“就像药房开了之后，我根据产品定义往里边抓什么药。技术底座跟能力都已经在了，配方只是产品定义的问题”。                   超节点成为“必答题”                    华为Atlas 950 SuperPoD、中兴Matrix超节点、新华三UniPoD S80000超节点、阿里云发布灵骏真武M890超节点……在WAIC 2026上，多款国产超节点产品集中亮相说明，这已不是单个厂商的“独行”，而是国产算力对未来趋势的共识。         “超节点不是在任何场景下都起作用的。如果单个8卡机能够搞定计算任务，那么就不需要超节点。只有遇到比较大的模型尺寸时，才需要超节点。”对于超节点的适用边界，黄向军在受访时给出清晰的界定。         这也直接点明了驱动超节点诞生的逻辑，随着大模型参数规模从千亿走向万亿级别、MoE（混合专家）架构成为主流，传统GPU服务器在互联效率、算力密度、部署复杂度等方面面临多重挑战。         黄向军进一步从MoE架构的通信特点阐释称，无论训练还是推理，专家间All-to-All通信要求延迟越低越好，这意味着需要把更多GPU以更高带宽连成一个整体。而当原有的8卡机难以承载这一需求，把多台8卡机拼在一起后，机间互联又退化为新的堵点——客观上催生了对“一个紧密互联整体”的需求。         沐曦选择将64卡作为规模锚点，原因之一在于这是当前模型尺寸与趋势下需求旺盛的节点规格。曦景S600正是基于这一判断应运而生——单机柜内64张GPU高速全互连，并支持灵活扩展至万卡乃至十万卡级别的集群，为大规模智算中心建设需求提供系统级支撑。         蔡淑敏/摄                    S600的“零线缆”突围                    当算力集群走向万卡甚至几万卡，故障率便成为了尤为重要的考虑因素，集群持续稳定工作的时间将直接决定整个系统的有效算力上限。         “过去一段时间里，就沐曦自身来讲，我们在单个GPU上或者8卡内，故障率已经控制到了非常低的状态。

四 | 客观来讲，我们对于故障率的控制，跟英伟达应该是在一条水平线上。”黄向军表示。         然而，在构建大规模算力集群时，单卡可靠性并不等于集群可用性。

五 |          黄向军也提到，当把多台8卡机组成集群时，光模块、网卡、磁盘等部件问题频出，散热设计也是关键，高温运行条件下更容易出故障。

六 | 因此，超节点的稳定性、可靠性已成为整个系统设计中非常重要的一环。

七 |          让曦景S600实现技术分野的关键，在于其连接方式的创新。

八 | 据介绍，该产品采用OEX架构设计，通过正交连接器与两级交换拓扑，实现GPU之间低时延、高带宽通信，有效提升分布式训练效率，能够更好满足MoE稀疏模型、万亿参数大模型等复杂AI任务对集群通信能力的要求。

九 |          更具突破性的是其“零线缆”设计方案——“曦景S600创新采用“三0设计”，即计算节点0线缆、交换节点0线缆以及计算节点与交换节点之间0线缆。

十 | 这一系统设计大幅减少传统机柜复杂布线带来的信号损耗和故障风险，进一步提升系统可靠性和长期稳定运行能力。         同时，产品采用解耦模块化设计，计算、交换、电源及液冷等关键模块均支持快速部署和维护，电源与液冷管路支持盲插热插拔，即使单节点发生故障，也不会影响整个集群运行，显著降低数据中心运维成本。                   不做“某大厂的专属GPU”                    硬件能力的突破之外，沐曦在本届WAIC重点释放了另一个信号：开放。         “我们不会独立依附某一个大厂，不是某一个大厂下面标签很重的专属GPU供应商。”黄向军在采访中明确，沐曦的生态定位是通用专业基础设施提供商，产品能够适配不同客户，不会把产能押在单一大客户身上。

十一 |          这一开放逻辑同样贯穿其超节点策略。沐曦选择与OEM合作伙伴联合打造整机产品，“我们觉得开放能促进更好的创新，避免单一供应商；各自在各自的生态位上去创新，组合在一起形成整个上下游中最有竞争力的产品。”黄向军认为，垂直整合在研发和效率层面具有优势，但从供应角度看未必是最优解。         在世博展台，为集中展示其计算生态开放路径和成果，沐曦专门设置了“开源工坊”展区，集结了九源联合体、龙蜥操作系统、木兰开源社区、模力方舟、vLLM、SGLang、Red Hat、CNCF、蜜瓜智能、PyTorch基金会等十大顶流开源社区，串联起一条覆盖操作系统、云原生、推理加速、模型服务、集群内核全层级软件栈的完整AI Infra开源协作链路，集中展示了沐曦股份在AI框架、算子库及多种开源模型方面的适配成果。         据官方数据，自2025年2月开源以来，目前MXMACA开源社区已经汇聚超过50万技术开发者用户。         而在科学计算领域，沐曦已经实现从“兼容开源”走向“贡献开源”。沐曦深度参与GROMACS社区，其自由能微扰GPU加速代码已合入开源主线，成为国内首家对该核心模块作出重要代码贡献的企业。产业应用层面，沐曦股份携手鸿之微、深度原理、唯信科技、大湾区国创中心等产学研伙伴，在新能源材料研发、工业冷却液分子筛选和AI短临气象预报等场景形成落地成果，以自主算力赋能创新提速。

十二 |                    “死磕”GPU通用性                    实际上，沐曦股份的开放理念同样在其产业布局上得以体现。         除了入口处最醒目的曦景S600，同样吸引观众驻足的还有沐曦展区陈列的卫星实物，这是沐曦“1+6+X”产业生态中的一环，直观地展示了国产GPU向空天算力场景延伸的布局。而在“万象应用”展区，沐曦集中展示了其高性能GPU算力平台在金融、医疗、能源、教科研、交通、大文娱六大核心赛道的赋能落地成果。         行业内更关注沐曦在具身智能方向的落子——这是今年WAIC的另一大焦点，也是沐曦当前重点布局的一大方向。         此前，沐曦与“人形机器人第一股”优必选成立合资公司布局具身智能，被外界认为是向端侧延伸的重要信号。对于与优必选的合作，在此次WAIC上，沐曦股份高级副总裁孙国梁在受访时强调，沐曦秉持着一贯的通用开放态度，成立合资公司并不代表芯片独家供应给某一家企业，而是希望从成熟的具身智能企业获取数据、场景、使用习惯与客户需求的大量输入，加速SoC整体设计。合资之外，沐曦仍保持开源、开放、生态共赢，愿意联合各家机器人企业，在平台、数据、训练和世界模型等方面展开广泛合作。

十三 |          而对于布局端侧AI算力产品这一选择，黄向军在受访时提到，沐曦已经具备了打造高性能云边端一体芯片的能力，“我需要的是合适的场景判断。合资公司的角色是定义产品规格，而沐曦在云端打造的整套软件生态链价值将会助力端侧产品加速走向成熟”。         事实上，端侧AI的载体形态远未收敛，行业内尚未形成统一的共识，而这种不确定性恰恰解释了沐曦为何始终坚持GPU通用性——端侧形态千变万化，底层不变的是Token驱动，差异在于算力规模。         “通用的含义是，一方面要能支撑今天已有的多种模型，另一方面是要能支持未来可能出现的新的模型。”黄向军指出，GPU指令集粒度足够细，才能通过编译器适配现有乃至未来出现的模型，英伟达三五年前的芯片至今仍能跑最新模型，正是通用性的体现。         而通用性的前提，是软硬件解耦——模型架构和算法迭代速度远超硬件，如果芯片专为某一场景或模型定向优化，一旦端侧形态发生变化，前期的巨大资产投入将很有可能化为泡沫。

十四 | 黄向军在采访中坦言：“软件创新节奏以周为单位，芯片从定义到量产两年能做完已经非常快。

十五 | 如果芯片没有通用性，将是一个灾难。”                              记者 蔡淑敏          文字编辑 马云飞。

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